# Web2 и web3.

Web2 относится к версии Интернета, который мы знаем сегодня.Интернет, где услуги предоставляются под контролем интернет-компаний для обмена персональными данными.В случае Ethernet Web3 относится к децентрализованным приложениям, которые работают на блокчане.Любой пользователь может участвовать в этих приложениях на Polysmatchain без продажи персональных данных.

### Преимущества Web3. <a href="#web3-benefits" id="web3-benefits"></a>

Многие разработчики Web3 выбирают для создания децентрализованных приложений из-за неотъемлемой децентрализации эфира.

* Кто-нибудь в сети имеет разрешение на использование сервиса - другими словами, не требуется разрешение.
* Никто не может заблокировать вас или отрицать доступ к услуге.
* Платежи построены через локальный токен, PSC.
* Polysmartchain-это Turing-Complete, что означает, что вы можете развернуть много программ.

### Конкретное сравнение <a href="#practical-comparisons" id="practical-comparisons"></a>

| Web2                                                                                   | Web3                                                                                                                |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| TwTwitter can check any account or tweet                                               | Web3 tweets are not censurable because control has been decentralized                                               |
| Payment services may decide not to allow payments for certain types of work            | Web3 payment applications do not require personal data and cannot block payments                                    |
| Servers for odd-job economy applications may be out of service and affect labor income | Web3 servers don't go offline - they use Ether, a decentralized network of thousands of computers, as their backend |

Это не значит, что все услуги должны стать DAPP.Эти примеры иллюстрируют основные различия между сервисами Web2 и Web3.

### Ограничения WEB3 <a href="#web3-limitations" id="web3-limitations"></a>

Web3 теперь имеет некоторые ограничения:

* Scalability - Транзакции в web3 выполняются медленно, потому что они децентрализованы. Изменение состояния, например платежи, должно обрабатываться майнерами и распространяться по сети.
* UX - взаимодействие с приложениями Web3 может потребоваться дополнительные шаги, программное обеспечение и обучение.Это может быть барьером для принятия.
* Accessibility - большинство пользователей не могут получить доступ к Web3 из-за отсутствия современного веб-браузера.
* Cost - потому что это настолько дорого, что наиболее успешные децентрализованные приложения помещают лишь небольшую часть своего кода в блокчейн.

### Централизация и децентрализация <a href="#centralization-vs-decentralization" id="centralization-vs-decentralization"></a>

В приведенной ниже таблице мы предоставляем приблизительный список преимуществ и недостатков централизованных и децентрализованных цифровых сетей.

<table><thead><tr><th width="286">Centralized System</th><th>Decentralized System</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Short network radius (all participants are connected to a centralized organization). Fast information transfer, because it is processed by a centralized organization with a large amount of computing resources.</td><td>The most distant participants on the network may be far from each other. It may take a long time for a message broadcast from one side of the network to reach the other.</td></tr><tr><td>Performance is typically higher (higher throughput, lower total compute resource consumption) as well as easier to build.</td><td>Performance is typically lower (lower throughput, higher total computational resource consumption) and more complex to build.</td></tr><tr><td>In the case of conflicting data, the solution is clear and simple: the ultimate trusted source of data is the centralized organization.</td><td>A protocol (usually a complex one) is required to resolve a dispute. If other participants make conflicting claims about the state of the data that the participants intend to synchronize.</td></tr><tr><td>Single point of failure: malicious actors may be able to target centralized organizations to disrupt the network.</td><td>No single point of failure: the network can still function even if a large percentage of participants are attacked or taken offline.</td></tr><tr><td>Coordination among participants is much easier and is handled by the centralized organization. The centralized organization can force network participants to accept upgrades, update protocols, etc. with less resistance.</td><td>Coordination is often difficult because no single actor has the final say in network-level decisions, protocol upgrades, etc. In the worst case scenario, the network tends to break down when there is disagreement over protocol changes.</td></tr><tr><td>Centralized organizations can censor data, potentially cutting off some parts of the network from interacting with other parts of the network.</td><td>Censorship is much more difficult because there are multiple ways for information to be disseminated on the Web.</td></tr><tr><td>Network access is controlled by the centralized organization.</td><td>Anyone can join the network; there are no "gatekeepers". Ideally, the cost of participation is very low.</td></tr></tbody></table>

Обратите внимание, что это общие шаблоны, которые могут применяться не ко всем сетям. Кроме того, в действительности степень централизации/децентрализации сети зависит от ряда факторов; ни одна сеть не является полностью централизованной или полностью децентрализованной.

#### Расширение ресурсов

* [The Architecture of a Web 3.0 application](https://www.preethikasireddy.com/post/the-architecture-of-a-web-3-0-application) - *Preethi Kasireddy*
* [The Meaning of Decentralization](https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/the-meaning-of-decentralization-a0c92b76a274) *Feb 6, 2017 - Vitalik Buterin*
* [Why Decentralization Matters](https://medium.com/s/story/why-decentralization-matters-5e3f79f7638e) *Feb 18, 2018 - Chris Dixon*
* [What Is Web 3.0 & Why It Matters](https://medium.com/fabric-ventures/what-is-web-3-0-why-it-matters-934eb07f3d2b) *Dec 31, 2019 - Max Mersch and Richard Muirhead*
Centralized System	Decentralized System
Short network radius (all participants are connected to a centralized organization). Fast information transfer, because it is processed by a centralized organization with a large amount of computing resources.	The most distant participants on the network may be far from each other. It may take a long time for a message broadcast from one side of the network to reach the other.
Performance is typically higher (higher throughput, lower total compute resource consumption) as well as easier to build.	Performance is typically lower (lower throughput, higher total computational resource consumption) and more complex to build.
In the case of conflicting data, the solution is clear and simple: the ultimate trusted source of data is the centralized organization.	A protocol (usually a complex one) is required to resolve a dispute. If other participants make conflicting claims about the state of the data that the participants intend to synchronize.
Single point of failure: malicious actors may be able to target centralized organizations to disrupt the network.	No single point of failure: the network can still function even if a large percentage of participants are attacked or taken offline.
Coordination among participants is much easier and is handled by the centralized organization. The centralized organization can force network participants to accept upgrades, update protocols, etc. with less resistance.	Coordination is often difficult because no single actor has the final say in network-level decisions, protocol upgrades, etc. In the worst case scenario, the network tends to break down when there is disagreement over protocol changes.
Centralized organizations can censor data, potentially cutting off some parts of the network from interacting with other parts of the network.	Censorship is much more difficult because there are multiple ways for information to be disseminated on the Web.
Network access is controlled by the centralized organization.	Anyone can join the network; there are no "gatekeepers". Ideally, the cost of participation is very low.